It denotes the time an action takes place, whether sometime in the past, in the present, or will take some time in the future.
Grammar tenses refer to the state of the verb. The state, or tense, of the verb explains the time of the action.
It is the time associated with the work performed i.e. it tells you about the time of the work performed.
| Tenses Name | Simple/Indefinite Tense | Continuous Tense | Perfect Tense | Perfect Continuous |
| Present | Subject +v1/V5 + Object | Subject +is/am/are+(verb+ing) +Object | Subject + Have/Has+Verb(III)+past participle+Object | Subject +have/has + been+(verb +ing)+ object Note:- Since & For (Used for time Periods) |
| Past | Subject +Verb(II) +Object | Subject +Was/were+(verb+ing)+object | Subject+had+Verb(III)+past participle+Object | Subject+Had+been+(Verb+ing)+object |
| Future | Subject+Will/shall+Veb+object | Subject+will/shall+Be+(verb+ing)+object | Subject+will/shall+verb(III)+past participle+object | Subject+will/shall+been+(verb+ing)+object |
Present Simple/Indefinite Tense
When the time of the work performed is not certain or not sure.
Structure:– Subject +v1/V5 + Object
- Habitual action:-
Singular subject-(“e/es”)
Plural Subject:-(Ist From)
example:- 1. My father visits temple thrice a week.
2. we go for a walk daily. - Gerneral Truth/ Permanent truth/ Univeral Truth:-
Example:-1. water boils at 100oC
2. The sun rise in the east.
3. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
3. Imperative sentence:-
Ex:- 1) Always obey your present.
2) Do not breathe the traffic rules.
4. Exdeameutory sentence:- Beginning with here
Ex:- 1) There comes the train!
2) There he goes with his head helps high!
5. Commentary / New headline
Ex:- India launches a satellite.
Ex:- Virat strikes a six.
6. A past action that accrued in a dramatic way.
Ex:-1) India Uproots British Empire.
2) alexander defeats parus.
7. Professional activity:-
Ex:- 1) A confectioner sells sweets.
2) A barber cuts hair.
8. A planned action in the future point of time.
ex:- 1. The movie releases on the 5th of December.
2. The show begins at 5 pm.
9. Never use two future tenses in a sentence.
Ex:- I will come when you come to my place.
10. The task that ends formerly cames under present simple and the next in the future task.
Ex:- If the main verbs are in future tense use simple present after the words like.
( when/Unless/ Untill/ event it / in case / before)
Ex :- 1) unless I get a pen I will not write a letter.
2) I shall Visit her when my grandmother comes.
Present Continous
Strcuture:– [subject + is / am / are + ( v+ ing) + object]
A) A Task in continuation ( while we speak )
Ex:- We are reading a book
B) A task in continuation not necessarily at the time of speaking.
Ex:- 1) I am working on it.
2) I am pursuing a Bachelor of commerce.
C) A task to be performed in the near future.
Ex:- 1) I am planning a party tomorrow.
2) I am going to Delhi this evening.
D) compulsive Habit
Ex:- 1) He is always abusing others.
2) He is constantly distributing us.
E) A situation of someone/something changes into something
Ex:-1) cars have become costlier day by day.
2) She became more and mass complicated this day.
F) certain words to use present continuous tense.
( Now / these day / Now a day / at present / at this /this moment / still )
Ex:- Is she still Redding a book?
The mother is reading the Mahabharata this day.
Present Perfect Tenses
Structure:– Subject + Have/Has+Verb(III)+past participle+Object
A). A task that jas just ended
example:-1. I have written a letter.
2. She has gone to Mumbai.
B). This / that /If __ ordinal / superlative degree +verb +present perfect
Example:-1. It is the best book I have ever read.
2. This is the first team, that has won the world cup thrice in a row.
C). Certain Words which use the
(Just now / already / so far/ as yet / yet upto now / just now / laterly /ever
Ex:- 1) Have you ever been on holiday to London
2) I have already had my lunch.
Simple Past Tense
D). Adverb of past time never uses the present perfect tense ( simple past ).
1). I finished my work yesterday.
2) We went to London last month.
E) A past action but the time is Unknow
Ex:- I have visited this place earlier.
Present Perfect Tenses
Structure:– Subject +have/has + been+(verb +ing)+ object
Note:- Since & For (Used for time Periods)
A)A task started in past and is still in progress.
Ex:- 1) the baby has been sleeping since morning.
B)Certain words use present perfect cont.
( How long / long / all the time / all week, etc)
Ex:- 1) How long have you been eating?
2) She has been crying all the time.
Past Tenses
1) Simple past / past Indefinite
subject + v2 + object :-
A) An action performed in the past
Ex:- 1) I went there yesterday
2) I completed my work yesterday.
Note:- ( ago / last / before / last week/ last moths / etc )
B). Past Habit:-
Ex:- 1) I played cricket every day.
2) She always prayed to god.
C) If we have a conditional sentence.
( wish /If/ as If /as through ) + verb (past indefinite)
Ex:- 1) I wish I knew singing
2) If he came we would congruently him
D) ( It is time / It is height time / it is about time )
Ex:-1) It is time to repair the A . C you
2. It is about a time when you get a haircut.
Past Continous tenses
Structure:– Subject +Was/were+(verb+ing)+object
A) A task in continuation in the past
Ex:- when I visited her she was cleaning the room.
B) two tasked occurring simultaneously in the past
Ex :- 1) while I was reading my wife was watching T. V
2) While I was studying, My brother was disturbing me.
C) You can use it with simple past tense.
Ex :- while I was reading my wife watched T.V.
D) Competitive habit of the past.
Ex:- 1) he was always ribbing and crying.
2) He was always abusing others.
Past Perfect Tenses
Structure:– Subject+had+Verb(III)+past participle+Object
A) A took performed in the past before a specific time
1) He had ruined his life because of drugs ever before the age of fifteen.
2) He had learned to drive even before of age of eighteen.
B) Two tasks occurred in he passed, one after the other first is respected under the past perfect and the other in simple past.
Ex:- 1) The patient had died before the doctor came.
2) He came after he had gone.
Past Perfect Continous Tenses
Structure:–Subject+Had+been+(Verb+ing)+object
A) A repeated task in the past.
Ex:- 1) I had been trying your phone for a long time.
2) He had been trying for a good job.
B) A task happened in the past but the effects ever still there in the past.
Ex:- 1) He had been playing tennis when the news of the here sector came in.
2) I had been reading a novel when she asked me about the plot.
18) while:- throughout/during
Ex:- 1) Radha sang while her friend danced contract.
2) The little girl was playing while his brother watching his play.
19) Two objects in a sentence, save, part of speech will be used as relative conjunction.
Ex:- Dams not only produce electricity but also save but water.
20) As if– Present/poses
Ex:- 1) He was running as if his head had been mad ( past verb used )
2) She behaves as if she were my boss.
A) between ____ used to subject joint in and not any other conjugation.
B) No sooner + HV + sub + F. A
C) The / save / sub = that
10) seldom if- Ever
or -Never
Future Tense
Simple/Indefinite Tense
Structure:– Subject+Will/shall+Veb+object
A) will – ( 2nd / 3rd / person )
B) shall- ( I person ) uncertainly
Ex:- 1) you will be thrashed badly.
2) shall visit you soon.
Note:-1. will ( 1st person )
2.shall ( 2nd / 3rd person )
3.I will come to your party
4. you shall be paid rupees 500/-
Future Continuous Tense
Strcuture:– Subject+will/shall+Be+(verb+ing)+object
A) A task that will be going on in the future
Ex:- I visit her she will be making a cup coffee for me
B) A planned action in the future period of time
Ex:- We will be traveling for a month.
Future Perfect Tense
Strcuture:–Subject+will/shall+verb(III)+past participle+object
A) A task that will be complete with a specified time
Ex:- 1) A he will have submitted her prefect by Monday
2) The ship will have revalued Australia by the end of the month
Future Perfect Continuous
Strcuture:– Subject+will/shall+been+(verb+ing)+object
A) A task that starts in the past is still in continuation and will be continued in the turner.
Ex:- 1)she will have been teaching in this institution for ten years when she gets married.
1) Infinitive:- If will never function as a main verb to + v1 “
where is infinitive used?
( agree, decide, determine, arrange, cease, Attempt, care, endeavor )
Ex:- 1) I agree to lend you my bike
2) I deciders to go out with you.
plain Infinitive:- “v1“
( seen, would ratter, panther than heard better let make, need dare
sooner than )
Ex:- I would rather go for coffee than a movie.
